{ "title": "Advanced World History O/X", "description": "Key turning points in world history", "languageCode": "en", "cards": [ { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The French Revolution began in 1789, marked by the storming of the Bastille.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 is the symbolic start of the French Revolution." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "World War I began in 1914, triggered by the assassination in Sarajevo.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo helped ignite WWI in 1914." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Industrial Revolution first began in Japan in the late 18th century.", "answer": false, "explanation": "The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, not Japan." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Declaration of Independence of the United States was adopted in 1776.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The U.S. Declaration of Independence was adopted on 4 July 1776." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Roman Empire was founded in the 20th century.", "answer": false, "explanation": "The Roman Empire dates to antiquity (traditionally from 27 BC), not the 20th century." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension mainly between the United States and the Soviet Union.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The Cold War was the post-WWII rivalry between the U.S.-led West and the Soviet-led East." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "World War II ended in 1945.", "answer": true, "explanation": "World War II ended in 1945 after beginning in 1939." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "Christopher Columbus reached the Americas in 1492.", "answer": true, "explanation": "Columbus crossed the Atlantic and reached the Americas region in 1492." }, { "type": "choice", "prompt": "In which year did World War II end?", "choices": [ "1945", "1918", "1939", "1950" ], "answer": 1, "explanation": "World War II ended in 1945." }, { "type": "choice", "prompt": "The storming of which fortress-prison symbolized the start of the French Revolution in 1789?", "choices": [ "The Bastille", "The Tower of London", "The Louvre", "Versailles" ], "answer": 1, "explanation": "The storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 symbolized the revolution's beginning." }, { "type": "text", "prompt": "Which wall divided East and West Berlin and fell in 1989? (name it)", "answers": [ "berlin wall", "the berlin wall" ], "explanation": "The Berlin Wall divided the city from 1961 and fell in 1989, symbolizing the Cold War's end." }, { "type": "text", "prompt": "Which ancient civilization built the pyramids at Giza? (name the civilization)", "answers": [ "egypt", "ancient egypt", "egyptian", "the egyptians", "egyptians" ], "explanation": "The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids at Giza as royal tombs." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The 1648 Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War and helped establish the modern idea of sovereign states." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Aztec Empire was conquered by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro.", "answer": false, "explanation": "Hernán Cortés led the conquest of the Aztec Empire; Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in South America." }, { "type": "choice", "prompt": "Which empire was ruled by Emperor Justinian I, famous for codifying Roman law in the 6th century?", "choices": [ "The Ottoman Empire", "The Holy Roman Empire", "The Byzantine Empire", "The Carolingian Empire" ], "answer": 3, "explanation": "Justinian I ruled the Byzantine Empire and ordered the Corpus Juris Civilis, a landmark codification of Roman law." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Meiji Restoration of 1868 launched Japan's rapid modernization and industrialization.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The Meiji Restoration restored imperial rule in 1868 and set Japan on a course of swift Western-style modernization." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "Napoleon Bonaparte was finally defeated at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1815.", "answer": false, "explanation": "Napoleon's final defeat came at Waterloo in 1815; Austerlitz in 1805 was actually one of his greatest victories." }, { "type": "text", "prompt": "Which ancient network of trade routes connected China to the Mediterranean and was named after a prized fabric?", "answers": [ "silk road", "the silk road", "silk route", "the silk route" ], "explanation": "The Silk Road linked China with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, carrying silk, goods, and ideas for centuries." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Black Death of the 14th century killed roughly one-third of Europe's population.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The Black Death (1347–1351) is estimated to have killed about a third of Europe's people, reshaping its economy and society." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power in Russia took place in 1905.", "answer": false, "explanation": "The Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution of 1917; the 1905 revolution failed to topple the tsar." }, { "type": "choice", "prompt": "Which 1919 treaty formally ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers?", "choices": [ "The Treaty of Tordesillas", "The Treaty of Versailles", "The Treaty of Utrecht", "The Treaty of Ghent" ], "answer": 2, "explanation": "The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, ended the war with Germany and imposed heavy reparations on it." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Ottoman Empire was dissolved after World War I, and the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923.", "answer": true, "explanation": "After defeat in WWI the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in 1923." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Hundred Years' War was fought primarily between England and Spain.", "answer": false, "explanation": "The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) was fought between England and France over claims to the French throne." }, { "type": "text", "prompt": "Which English charter of 1215 limited the power of the king and influenced later constitutional law? (two words)", "answers": [ "magna carta", "the magna carta", "magna charta" ], "explanation": "Magna Carta, sealed by King John in 1215, restricted royal power and became a foundation for constitutional government." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "After the First Opium War, China ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain in 1842.", "answer": true, "explanation": "The Treaty of Nanking in 1842 ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "In 1588, the Spanish Armada defeated the English navy and secured control of the English Channel.", "answer": false, "explanation": "England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588; storms and English tactics devastated the Spanish fleet." }, { "type": "choice", "prompt": "Who became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC?", "choices": [ "Kublai Khan", "Sun Yat-sen", "Wu Zetian", "Qin Shi Huang" ], "answer": 4, "explanation": "Qin Shi Huang unified China in 221 BC, founding the Qin dynasty and taking the title of first emperor." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century.", "answer": true, "explanation": "Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes around 1206 and built what became history's largest contiguous land empire." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Renaissance began in France during the 12th century.", "answer": false, "explanation": "The Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th century, spreading to the rest of Europe over the following two centuries." }, { "type": "text", "prompt": "Who served as British prime minister for most of World War II? (surname is enough)", "answers": [ "churchill", "winston churchill", "sir winston churchill" ], "explanation": "Winston Churchill led Britain as prime minister from 1940 to 1945, through most of World War II." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.", "answer": true, "explanation": "At the Congress of Vienna, the great powers redrew Europe's borders and sought a balance of power after Napoleon's defeat." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1417, starting the Protestant Reformation.", "answer": false, "explanation": "Luther posted the Ninety-five Theses in 1517, not 1417, an act traditionally seen as the start of the Reformation." }, { "type": "choice", "prompt": "Whose expedition completed the first circumnavigation of the globe between 1519 and 1522?", "choices": [ "Vasco da Gama", "Ferdinand Magellan", "James Cook", "Amerigo Vespucci" ], "answer": 2, "explanation": "Ferdinand Magellan's expedition completed the first circumnavigation in 1522, though Magellan himself died en route." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "India gained independence from British rule in 1947.", "answer": true, "explanation": "British India became independent in August 1947 and was partitioned into India and Pakistan." }, { "type": "ox", "prompt": "The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 set the rules for European powers dividing up South America.", "answer": false, "explanation": "The Berlin Conference regulated the European colonization and partition of Africa, not South America." }, { "type": "text", "prompt": "Which city, capital of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the Ottomans in 1453 and is now called Istanbul?", "answers": [ "constantinople", "byzantium" ], "explanation": "Constantinople fell to the Ottomans under Mehmed II in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire; the city is today's Istanbul." } ] }